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''Karl Hess: Toward Liberty'' is a 1980 American short documentary film about the anarchist Karl Hess, produced by Roland Hallé and Peter W. Ladue. It won an Academy Award in 1981 for Documentary Short Subject.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=New York Times: Karl Hess: Toward Liberty )〕 The film was produced at Boston University's College of Communications, School of Broadcasting and Film, Graduate Film Program. Several students, faculty and others made a substantial contribution to creating the film. ==Background== During the late 60s, ''Cinema Verite'' or ''Direct cinema'' became the new wave in documentary film making. Boston filmmaker Fred Wiseman released “Titicut Follies” (1967), which took us inside a Massachusetts mental institution, and “High School” (1968), where we became the proverbial fly on the wall in an American secondary school. Like other Verite filmmakers, Wiseman’s approach was to shoot hundreds of hours of footage and shape the story in the editing room. The same new technology that enabled French New Wave dramatic films was adopted by American documentary filmmakers. Small (for the day) hand held cameras and greatly improved 16mm film stocks eliminated the need for placing the camera on a tripod and washing a scene with intense lighting. Until that point, the size and bulk of film making equipment had limited the chance of capturing real life and real human behavior. These films were a revelation. For the first time we were experiencing “real life” on film. No recreations, no staging. Cinema Verite was both voyeuristic and insightful. It was the world’s first ''Reality TV''. From the audience’s perspective, the camera in Verite took on an invisible presence within the scene. But was it invisible to the participants? How does the camera impact the reality of the moment? Does the editing and post-production process as well as the need to tell compelling stories mean that objectivity is not possible? Can we actually experience real life? Do we want to? This was the debate that took place at the Graduate Film Program that helped shape ''Karl Hess: Toward Liberty''. While Verite had a claim on ''reality'', TV documentaries required ''balance''. In part, this was driven by the FCC’s Fairness Doctrine, but more so by the reluctance of the network to offend any audience.〔()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Karl Hess: Toward Liberty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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